54%
Confidence
Belief overview
Valorização da ciência empírica
A ciência é vista como recurso central para conhecer o mundo empírico.
2
Supportive
1
Contrary
1
Neutral
O que é: O naturalismo costuma conferir papel privilegiado à ciência na compreensão do mundo empírico.
Como a posição entende: Observação, teste, correção pública, modelagem e revisão crítica fornecem o melhor caminho disponível para conhecimento factual sobre a natureza.
Base e contexto: O tema se consolidou com modernidade científica e filosofia da ciência contemporânea.
Debates e variações: Alguns críticos distinguem valorização da ciência de cientificismo excessivo, distinção aceita também por muitos naturalistas.
Documentary evidence
Supportive
Auguste Comte, Course of Positive Philosophy
The priority of positive and scientific knowledge.
Reference: Auguste Comte, Course of Positive Philosophy.
Content: Comte privileges positive and scientific explanations over traditional theological or metaphysical ultimate causes.
Use in debate: It is important for the valorization of empirical science and for criticism of the explanatory supernatural.
Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World
A defense of skepticism, evidence, and public inquiry.
Reference: Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World.
Content: Sagan values the critical examination of extraordinary claims and the public discipline of evidence.
Use in debate: It is widely used for fallibilism and the rejection of explanatory supernatural appeals.
Contrary
John Polkinghorne, Science and Theology
A theistic response to the idea that naturalism is totally sufficient.
Reference: John Polkinghorne, works on science and theology.
Content: Polkinghorne argues for the compatibility of science and theism and criticizes excessive naturalistic closure.
Use in debate: It is a relevant source against the claim that naturalism is fully sufficient.
Neutral
Acts 17:28
A passage about human existence in philosophical and theistic language.
Reference: Acts 17:28.
Content: The text states that in the divine we live, move, and have our being, in dialogue with the philosophical language of the ancient world.
Use in debate: It works as a theistic counterpoint to purely naturalistic conceptions of the human being.