56%
Confidence
Belief overview
Two kingdoms
The distinction between the spiritual sphere and civil order is a classic Lutheran theme.
2
Supportive
0
Contrary
0
Neutral
What it is: The doctrine of the two kingdoms, or two governments, is a classic formulation used to distinguish God's action through the gospel and the Church from his providential action in the civil order.
How the religion understands it: The distinction does not imply absolute separation between faith and public life, but recognizes different functions for civil government and the ministry of the gospel. Its historical application, however, generated varied interpretations and intense debates.
Context: The theme is important for political theology, ethics, and Lutheran history.
Documentary evidence
Supportive
Matthew 22:21
Give to Caesar and to God what belongs to each.
Reference: Matthew 22:21.
Content: Jesus distinguishes civic duties from duties owed to God.
Use in debate: The passage is used in Lutheran reflections on the civil sphere and the sphere of faith.
Romans 13:1-7
Civil authority and public order.
Reference: Romans 13:1-7.
Content: Paul addresses civil authority and public order.
Use in debate: It is important for Lutheran discussions of the two kingdoms and public life.