56%
Confidence
Belief overview
Three Jewels
Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha are the three central refuges of Buddhist life.
2
Supportive
0
Contrary
0
Neutral
What it is: The Three Jewels or Three Refuges are Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.
How the tradition understands it: Becoming a Buddhist implies taking refuge in these three realities: the Buddha as the awakened one and teacher, the Dharma as teaching and truth, and the Sangha as the community of practice.
Textual basis and context: The formula of refuge is present early in Buddhist life and remains central in initiation, liturgy, and identity.
Debates and variations: The exact definition of Sangha or the status of different buddhas and communities may vary between schools.
Documentary evidence
Supportive
Mahaparinibbana Sutta
A final discourse important for the authority of the Dharma and the community.
Reference: Dīgha Nikāya 16.
Content: The text deals with the Buddha's final moments and the importance of the Dharma and discipline after his death.
Use in debate: It is relevant for textual authority, community, and Buddhist memory.
Triratna Formula
The classical formula of refuge in Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.
Reference: Refuge formulas preserved in various Buddhist canons.
Content: The practitioner declares taking refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha.
Use in debate: It is the most classical expression of Buddhist identity.