43%
Confidence
Belief overview
Mediumship and incorporation
Mediumship is seen as a real faculty and incorporation as a legitimate ritual phenomenon.
1
Supportive
1
Contrary
1
Neutral
What it is: Umbanda treats mediumship as a human faculty and incorporation as a legitimate ritual form of spiritual manifestation in many terreiros.
How the religion understands it: Mediumistic development requires discipline, protection, house guidance, and moral responsibility.
Basis and context: The theme is at the heart of the gira, the atendimento, and Umbandist religious identity.
Debates and variations: The degree of trance, the language about possession, and the style of incorporation vary among currents and leaderships.
Documentary evidence
Supportive
José Herculano Pires on Mediumship and Umbanda
A source of dialogue and tension between Kardecism and Umbanda.
Reference: Writings by José Herculano Pires and Spiritist debates on mediumship and mediumistic religions.
Content: The material helps situate points of proximity and distance between Kardecism and Umbanda in Brazilian public language.
Use in debate: It is useful for mediumship, charity, and the plurality of currents.
Contrary
1 John 4:1
A verse about testing the spirits.
Reference: 1 John 4:1.
Content: The text exhorts readers to test the spirits and not accept every spiritual manifestation uncritically.
Use in debate: It is used in Christian controversies about mediumship and incorporation.
Neutral
1 Corinthians 12:4-11
A Christian passage about the diversity of spiritual gifts.
Reference: 1 Corinthians 12:4-11.
Content: Paul speaks of a variety of spiritual gifts distributed in different ways.
Use in debate: Although it does not ground Umbanda, the passage sometimes appears in comparisons about mediumship and spiritual gifts.