43%
Confidence
Belief overview
Causalidade natural e regularidade do mundo
O mundo é entendido como estruturado por regularidades e processos naturais.
2
Supportive
2
Contrary
0
Neutral
O que é: O naturalismo supõe que o mundo exibe regularidades investigáveis e causalidade acessível à pesquisa.
Como a posição entende: A inteligibilidade do universo depende de padrões, leis, relações causais e estruturas observáveis ou inferíveis.
Base e contexto: Esse princípio sustenta ciência empírica, modelagem e previsão.
Debates e variações: Diferentes naturalismos divergem sobre status de leis, emergência e indeterminação.
Documentary evidence
Supportive
Epicurus, Letter to Herodotus
Natural explanations and a critique of religious fear.
Reference: Epicurus, Letter to Herodotus and related texts.
Content: The author defends natural explanations of the cosmos and seeks to free people from fear of interventionist divine forces.
Use in debate: It is a classical antecedent of naturalism and religious skepticism.
Sean Carroll, The Big Picture
A contemporary defense of a broad naturalistic worldview.
Reference: Sean Carroll, The Big Picture.
Content: Carroll articulates a naturalistic worldview that combines science, emergence, human meaning, and the absence of the explanatory supernatural.
Use in debate: It is an important contemporary synthesis of philosophical naturalism.
Contrary
Psalm 19:1
Creation is read as a witness to divine glory.
Reference: Psalm 19:1.
Content: The text describes the heavens as declaring the glory of God.
Use in debate: It is used to resist strictly non-theistic readings of nature.
Thomas Aquinas, Five Ways
Philosophical arguments that move from the world to God.
Reference: Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, First Part, question 2, article 3.
Content: The Five Ways begin from aspects of the natural world and conclude in God.
Use in debate: They are often invoked against closed metaphysical naturalisms.